Shroud of Turin - Historique des versions

U-sc : /* Multiple techniques used */

2024-03-02T12:32:42Z

‎Multiple techniques used

U-sc : /* History of the Shroud from http://www.ldi5.com/sindo.php */

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‎History of the Shroud from http://www.ldi5.com/sindo.php

U-sc : /* History of the Shroud from http://www.ldi5.com/sindo.php */

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‎History of the Shroud from http://www.ldi5.com/sindo.php

U-sc : /* Replacement of the original by the apocryphal copy around 1929 */

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‎Replacement of the original by the apocryphal copy around 1929

U-sc : /* Replacement of the original by the apocryphal copy around 1929 */

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‎Replacement of the original by the apocryphal copy around 1929

U-sc : /* 1902: P. Vignon and R. Colson would also have explained the origin of the imprint */

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‎1902: P. Vignon and R. Colson would also have explained the origin of the imprint

U-sc : /* 1902: P. Vignon and R. Colson explained that Jesus did not die on the Cross */

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‎1902: P. Vignon and R. Colson explained that Jesus did not die on the Cross

U-sc le 1 mars 2024 à 15:00

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Voir les modifications

U-sc : /* Authentication of the Holy Shroud by the Ummans */

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‎Authentication of the Holy Shroud by the Ummans

U-sc : /* Issues linked to the imposture */

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‎Issues linked to the imposture

@@ Ligne 213 : / Ligne 213 : @@
 This leads them to explain:
-{{Letter|D505| This multiplicity of techniques has disoriented today's specialists, with technicians striving to establish a single mode of explanation for the process of obtaining the imprint. We congratulate the few and little-known men who guessed: Dr. Casselli, Geofferey Ashe, Rev. Busnelli, Dr. Rogers and above all Dr. Vittorio Delfino Pesce, who first reported in 1987 that the holy sheet had been counterfeited using a metal bas-relief heated to 230°}}.
+{{Lettre|D505| This multiplicity of techniques has disoriented today's specialists, with technicians striving to establish a single mode of explanation for the process of obtaining the imprint. We congratulate the few and little-known men who guessed: Dr. Casselli, Geofferey Ashe, Rev. Busnelli, Dr. Rogers and above all Dr. Vittorio Delfino Pesce, who first reported in 1987 that the holy sheet had been counterfeited using a metal bas-relief heated to 230°}}.
 === Observable differences in fabric structure ===

@@ Ligne 279 : / Ligne 279 : @@
 In February 1979, an official request was made to Archbishop Ballestrero, custodian of the Shroud, for carbon-14 dating. In March, STURP held its first "Data Analysis Workshop", during which only Dr. McCrone's conclusions diverged.
-::On March 18, 1983, death of former King Umberto II, owner of the Shroud, which now belongs to the Vatican on condition that it remains in Turin.
+On March 18, 1983, death of former King Umberto II, owner of the Shroud, which now belongs to the Vatican on condition that it remains in Turin.
 In 1988, after years of bitter negotiations, Cardinal Ballestrero accepted a carbon-14 dating protocol that was far removed from the original one, with only 3 laboratories instead of the 7 initially proposed. Even before the samples were taken, the credibility and rigor of the study were called into question on January 15 by the project's initiators, Prof. Gove and Prof. Harbottle, who were subsequently dismissed.

@@ Ligne 266 : / Ligne 266 : @@
 ==History of the Shroud from http://www.ldi5.com/sindo.php==
-:: "During the night of December 3 to 4, 1532, the Shroud was caught in the violent fire that ravaged the chapel where it was stored in a silver reliquary, one of the walls of which began to melt. The reliquary was copiously sprinkled with water to save it, and traces of the fire can still be seen today. In 1534, its restoration was entrusted to the Clare nuns of Chambery, who mended the canvas by sewing 22 triangular pieces of cloth to the burned areas, and reinforced it by lining it with Dutch cloth.
+"During the night of December 3 to 4, 1532, the Shroud was caught in the violent fire that ravaged the chapel where it was stored in a silver reliquary, one of the walls of which began to melt. The reliquary was copiously sprinkled with water to save it, and traces of the fire can still be seen today. In 1534, its restoration was entrusted to the Clare nuns of Chambery, who mended the canvas by sewing 22 triangular pieces of cloth to the burned areas, and reinforced it by lining it with Dutch cloth.
 On May 28, 1898, Italian lawyer Secundo Pia was authorized to take the first photograph of the Turin Shroud. The photograph demonstrates that the image of the Shroud is a negative image, (a modern concept discovered only in the mid-19th century following the invention of photography, incompatible with the knowledge of the Middle Ages).
@@ Ligne 273 : / Ligne 273 : @@
   The following explanations concern the "false Sindon", i.e. AFTER the substitution".
-::On May 23, 1931, on the occasion of a new public viewing, Guiseppe Enrie took numerous photographs of the Shroud in the presence of Secundo Pia, aged 76, and scientists from the Académie Française. Doctor Pierre Barbet conducts numerous experiments with cadavers to reconstruct the Passion of Jesus as it appears on the Shroud.
+On May 23, 1931, on the occasion of a new public viewing, Guiseppe Enrie took numerous photographs of the Shroud in the presence of Secundo Pia, aged 76, and scientists from the Académie Française. Doctor Pierre Barbet conducts numerous experiments with cadavers to reconstruct the Passion of Jesus as it appears on the Shroud.
 In August 1978, public viewing of the Shroud, after which a team of STURP scientists had the opportunity to study the Shroud for 5 days using ultra-modern equipment (X-rays, ultra-violet light, etc.). 32 samples were taken using adhesive tape.
@@ Ligne 281 : / Ligne 281 : @@
 ::On March 18, 1983, death of former King Umberto II, owner of the Shroud, which now belongs to the Vatican on condition that it remains in Turin.
-::In 1988, after years of bitter negotiations, Cardinal Ballestrero accepted a carbon-14 dating protocol that was far removed from the original one, with only 3 laboratories instead of the 7 initially proposed. Even before the samples were taken, the credibility and rigor of the study were called into question on January 15 by the project's initiators, Prof. Gove and Prof. Harbottle, who were subsequently dismissed.
+In 1988, after years of bitter negotiations, Cardinal Ballestrero accepted a carbon-14 dating protocol that was far removed from the original one, with only 3 laboratories instead of the 7 initially proposed. Even before the samples were taken, the credibility and rigor of the study were called into question on January 15 by the project's initiators, Prof. Gove and Prof. Harbottle, who were subsequently dismissed.
-::On April 21, 1988, the Shroud was secretly removed from its case in the presence of Dr. Tite of the British Museum, coordinator of the project, and representatives of the Zurich, Tucson and Oxford laboratories. Professor Riggi takes the samples under video control, but this is interrupted when Cardinal Ballestrero and Dr. Tite place the samples in the metal test tubes, which are then sealed again under video control and handed over to each of the representatives of the chosen laboratories. Professor Riggi will take blood samples on his own behalf from the dorsal part of the Shroud, from the wounds of the crown of thorns, as well as a piece of tissue.
+On April 21, 1988, the Shroud was secretly removed from its case in the presence of Dr. Tite of the British Museum, coordinator of the project, and representatives of the Zurich, Tucson and Oxford laboratories. Professor Riggi takes the samples under video control, but this is interrupted when Cardinal Ballestrero and Dr. Tite place the samples in the metal test tubes, which are then sealed again under video control and handed over to each of the representatives of the chosen laboratories. Professor Riggi will take blood samples on his own behalf from the dorsal part of the Shroud, from the wounds of the crown of thorns, as well as a piece of tissue.
 In August and September 1988, leaks to the London Evening Standard and the Sunday Times revealed that the Shroud was officially a forgery dating from 1350. On October 13, 1988, Cardinal Ballestrero held his official press conference, announcing the results of the tests, which placed the age of the Shroud between 1260 and 1390.
-::On February 16, 1989, the official results of the carbon-14 dating of the Shroud were published in the journal Nature.
+On February 16, 1989, the official results of the carbon-14 dating of the Shroud were published in the journal Nature.
-::On September 18, 1990, Cardinal Ballestrero, who had been Custodian for life, was dismissed by Pope John Paul II and replaced by the Archbishop of Turin, Monsignor Giovanni Saldarini, who became the new Custodian of the Shroud. Without openly contradicting his predecessor, he declares: "It's not enough to assert that the cloth is a medieval piece. The problem is to understand how it came into being.
+On September 18, 1990, Cardinal Ballestrero, who had been Custodian for life, was dismissed by Pope John Paul II and replaced by the Archbishop of Turin, Monsignor Giovanni Saldarini, who became the new Custodian of the Shroud. Without openly contradicting his predecessor, he declares: "It's not enough to assert that the cloth is a medieval piece. The problem is to understand how it came into being.
-::On September 7, 1992, 5 international textile experts were allowed to make optical observations only, no sampling allowed.
+On September 7, 1992, 5 international textile experts were allowed to make optical observations only, no sampling allowed.
-::In 1993, after examining Riggi's sample, several scientists question the carbon-14 dating because of the "Lichenothelia varnish", a bioplastic coating that would have distorted the measurement. CIELT organizes a symposium in Rome. After a brilliant demonstration by Dr. Upinsky, the international scientific community proclaimed the authenticity of the Shroud. Questions remain as to the results of carbon-14 dating."
+In 1993, after examining Riggi's sample, several scientists question the carbon-14 dating because of the "Lichenothelia varnish", a bioplastic coating that would have distorted the measurement. CIELT organizes a symposium in Rome. After a brilliant demonstration by Dr. Upinsky, the international scientific community proclaimed the authenticity of the Shroud. Questions remain as to the results of carbon-14 dating."
 ==Defutation of objections ==

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 It would also be the apocryphal copy that would have been the subject of modern scientific analyses, notably those of 1973 within the Pellegrino Commission, those of the Shroud Research Project [https://www.shroudofturin.com/sturp.html (S.T.U.R.P)] between 1978 and 1980, and those of the Arizona, Oxford and Zurick laboratories in 1988.
-= Ummain denunciation of the Holy Shroud of Turin fraud.
+= Ummain denunciation of the Holy Shroud of Turin fraud.=
 ==History of the Shroud from http://www.ldi5.com/sindo.php==

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 The cardinals involved would then have replaced the original with a copy around 1929. Ummans are somewhat hesitant about this date:
-{{Letter|D505| Finally, in early 1929, the exchange of the Sindon took place secretly behind the back of the House of Savoy, which owned the relic. The original was kept in the cardinal's residence in Turin, while the fake was locked away on the Bertola altar ( .... ).
+{{Lettre|D505| Finally, in early 1929, the exchange of the Sindon took place secretly behind the back of the House of Savoy, which owned the relic. The original was kept in the cardinal's residence in Turin, while the fake was locked away on the Bertola altar ( .... ).
 The question that needs clarification is the exact date of the imposture. We have it without too much certainty. Sometime in April 1929, it was decided to change the Sindon. It was the decision of Cardinal Gasparri, accompanied by another curial companion, to change the shroud. December 1928 is considered to be the date of the regrettable event (we were unable to determine the day). For this reason, we consider 1928 to be the date on which the crime was committed}}.

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 However, from 1902 onwards, examination of the bloodstains on this ''shroud'' indicates that the person who bled (''Jesus'') had not died when it was wrapped, nor in the days that followed. The Ummans pay particular tribute to the seminal work of scientists such as [[Paul Vignon ]] and [[René Colson]] ''
-{{Letter|D505| It was precisely your biologist brother Paul Vignon who discovered the mysterious effect on tissue. Ammonia vapors react with aloe (don't forget that OEMMIWOA ETAIT BADIGEONNE D'ALOES COMME ONGUENT CURATIF), generating a production of yellow color and a certain degree of viscosity that stained the tissue. ( ... ) It is necessary to insist: the hypothesis of Dr. Vignon (Docteur en Sciences Naturelles) is correct (Vaporography) together with that of Dr. René Colson (Physician, member of the Académie des Sciences de Paris)}}.
+{{Lettre|D505| It was precisely your biologist brother Paul Vignon who discovered the mysterious effect on tissue. Ammonia vapors react with aloe (don't forget that OEMMIWOA ETAIT BADIGEONNE D'ALOES COMME ONGUENT CURATIF), generating a production of yellow color and a certain degree of viscosity that stained the tissue. ( ... ) It is necessary to insist: the hypothesis of Dr. Vignon (Docteur en Sciences Naturelles) is correct (Vaporography) together with that of Dr. René Colson (Physician, member of the Académie des Sciences de Paris)}}.
 {{Lettre|D792-2| We have proved that the shroud preserved in Turin surrounded the body of Jesus. We recommend a more in-depth study of this historical relic. The vaporigraphic thesis, consisting in the impregnation of the cloth by phyto-therapeutic substances with which those who cared for him impregnated Jesus' body to soothe his wounds, explains the imprint of the image. The thesis that some of your brothers have put forward concerning a hypothetical mysterious radiation is totally absurd and anti-scientific }}

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 == 1902: P. Vignon and R. Colson explained that Jesus did not die on the Cross ==
-{{Letter|D505|§ 22 - It was Dr. Vignon who warned the few responsible when the grandiose discovery was made! The blood on the "corpse" was "fresh"! On several occasions, similar expert analyses were carried out, with Yves Delage and other biologists taking it in turns to confirm his thesis. How is it possible that this was not taken into account? Pierre] Barbet was equally astonished. Clotted blood leaves no lasting traces, and the specialists know this}}.
+{{Lettre|D505|§ 22 - It was Dr. Vignon who warned the few responsible when the grandiose discovery was made! The blood on the "corpse" was "fresh"! On several occasions, similar expert analyses were carried out, with Yves Delage and other biologists taking it in turns to confirm his thesis. How is it possible that this was not taken into account? Pierre] Barbet was equally astonished. Clotted blood leaves no lasting traces, and the specialists know this}}.
 {{Lettre|D505|
 The scandal caused by the discovery of the blood flow evidenced by the holy sheet is incomprehensible. At the time, it was taken for granted that this evidence belied death by crucifixion. Yet you yourselves have verified that, in certain circumstances (wound of the great vessels, albeit after death), the flow was possible. In any case, it was difficult to explain the flow of the other wounds by hypostasis <ref>In the medical field the term hypostasis designates an accumulation of blood in the lower part of the lungs, accumulation produced in general as a result of cardiac insufficiency </ref> (The wounded man was laid on a bed inclined about 28 degrees). The current state of the false Sindon not being explicable by fibrinolysis either<ref> Fibrinolysis is a complex physiological process of dissolution of blood clots (consisting of fibrin) by plasmin1. This process terminates blood coagulation to repermeabilize repaired blood vessels and serves to prevent thrombosis formation. The lysis of the fibrin mesh by plasmin results from the activation of plasminogen</ref>, so it's easy to see why we had to resort to an artifice to circumvent a fact that was incomprehensible}}.
 == 1902: P. Vignon and R. Colson would also have explained the origin of the imprint ==

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 The Ummans authenticated this relic as early as 1987:
-{{Letter|H7|
+{{Lettre|H7|
 March 22, 1987, Jorge Barrenechea, from 14h45 to 15h15,
@@ Ligne 55 : / Ligne 55 : @@
 See also [[Compilation of extracts from telephone calls about the Holy Shroud]]
-== Letters about the Holy Shroud of Turin ==
+==Letters about the Holy Shroud of Turin ==
 Finally, Mr. Jorge Barrenechea will finally be the recipient of 6 important letters, namely:
@@ Ligne 78 : / Ligne 78 : @@
 See also [[Oemmiwoa letters from 1987 to 1988 - Holy Shroud ]]
-== Fraud denunciation conference, Madrid, Hotel Sanvy, 1988 ==
+==Fraud denunciation conference, Madrid, Hotel Sanvy, 1988 ==
-{{Letter|D488|
+{{Lettre|D488|
 A fraud has been committed, which we wish to denounce to you, although we have no legal identity.
@@ Ligne 88 : / Ligne 88 : @@
 But most surprising of all was the Ummans' initiative in organizing a [[conference to denounce the Holy Shroud fraud| discreet conference in Madrid]], at the Hotel Sanvy on Sunday November 20, 1988.
-{{Letter|D490|
+{{Lettre|D490|
 "We are staying under cover while we formulate our denunciation in front of simple OEMMIIs. We know perfectly well that this is not the right way to go about it, and no doubt you will be astonished at the ingenuity of our procedure.

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 == Issues linked to the imposture ==
-{{Letter|D505|§ 12 - This is an obligatory preamble to the theme we are about to address: a serious denunciation. In absolute terms, please understand that our sadness has been induced by religious motives which, while highly respectable, have nothing in common with the ethical reason for our indignation. The seriousness of the affair is well measured if you judge that '''this forgery delays by several years the historical solution of a great problem and diminishes by as much the possibility of shedding light on a cosmological enigma'' }}
+{{Lettre|D505|§ 12 - This is an obligatory preamble to the theme we are about to address: a serious denunciation. In absolute terms, please understand that our sadness has been induced by religious motives which, while highly respectable, have nothing in common with the ethical reason for our indignation. The seriousness of the affair is well measured if you judge that '''this forgery delays by several years the historical solution of a great problem and diminishes by as much the possibility of shedding light on a cosmological enigma'' }}
 {{Letter|D518|§ 3 - You say graphically that for a nail we've lost a battle.