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Ummo (in the initial Spanish transcription), Oummo (in French pronunciation) and Oomo (in English prononciation), is the name of an alleged planet which is said to lie approximately 14. 4 Light-years from the Earth, according to revelations made via more than 200 typed letters and telephone calls received from the mid 1960s, mostly in Spain but also in other countries. These letters were allegedly written by members of a group present on Earth since March 28, 1950, presenting themselves as emissaries of an extraterrestrial civilization, the Ummites (sometimes called "Ummans").

José Luis Jordán Peña claimed authorship of these letters in 1992, without providing any proof of his revendication.

History

The first letters recorded are those received in 1966 by Fernando Sesma Manzano, a Spanish telegraph employee and leader of a Spanish esotericism association, Modèle:Quote, which regularly gathered its members in a bar called Modèle:Foreign quote (Modèle:Quote) in Madrid, Spain. Other recipients will subsequently receive them in several countries, until 2009 in France and 2014 in Spain.

Since 2012, the ummo-ciencias (esp) and ummo-sciences (fr) groups have claimed that contact is maintained with Ummites via the twitter network (X) and collate all exchanges on their respective websites (pages referenced "W")

The researcher Jean-Pierre Petit has claimed to have detected signs of superior intelligence Modèle:Incise in some of the Ummite writings he says he has received. He also claims that the scientific subjects addressed in the ummite letters are totally innovative and have directly inspired him in his research in cosmology and magnetohydrodynamics^[1]Modèle:,^[2]Modèle:,^[3].

In 1992, José Luis Jordán Peña claimed to be the author of the letters. However, Modèle:M. later claimed that the confession had been requested by the Ummites, to disinform, as the popularity of the case began to "compromise their surveillance activities". In 2010, in a letter to Ignacio Darnaúde, he put forward this time the intervention of two agents of the CIA for whom he had allegedly worked before his Stroke.

The Ummite language

On the basis of letters, it is difficult to speak of an Ummite language. All we have, apart from a few complete sentences, is a lexicon, a set of vocables, the vast majority of which are given to us in isolation. [Antonio Ribera]] mentions 403 words ummites in a 1978 compilation^[4] and Jean Pollion, in Ummo, de vrais extraterrestres (2002), lists over a thousand words considering that every doubling of a letter in a word is significant.

Two theories have been formulated by analysts of Ummite letters:

• the first, defended by Jean Pollion, considers that each letter (sound or phoneme) in words transcribed in typewritten form is signifying, and he has called these sounds "soncepts". He considers this to be an "ideophonemic" language^[5] : By analogy with ideographic languages, which proceed by assembling ideas corresponding to written and pronounceable signs, I have chosen to attribute to this language the "ideophonemic" character. To date, I have counted 17 phonemes}} by associative combinations of these phonemes, almost all of which are relational}}.

• The second considers that differences in spelling (especially the doubling of letters) are of little significance, and that they are due to differences in the understanding of foreign sounds by the typist(s), or to difficulties in alphabetic transcription. They consider that language is made up of word-objects and not of "soncepts".

For C. P. Kouropulos, {{Quote|To speak of an ummite language is abusive: only a sprinkling of exotic words and a few rare simplistic phrases are known. We do have a vocabulary built according to an ideogrammatic logic, but not a language! P. Kouropoulos, La Mystification UMMO, on ovni.ch.</ref>. For Dominique Caudron, we can Modèle:Quote^[6]. According to the opinion of Aimé Michel in the collective work Les Religions : origine et actualité, published in 1972, Modèle:Quote^[7].

Wolf 424

The first letter referenced (D21 from early 1966) states Modèle:Excerpt: quote One letter (D41-1, probably received on Modèle:Date-) estimates the distance between the respective foci of the stellar systems at Modèle:Unity le Modèle:Date-. Another letter dated Modèle:Date- (D32) states that the star around which UMMO would orbit is "perhaps" Modèle:Nobr (excerpt: Modèle:Quote). Skeptics argue that the distance quoted of 3.685 light-years corresponds to that measured by Yerkes' laboratory in 1938 (3.6 to 3.8 al) for Wolf 424, although Yerkes corrected this to 14.4 al as early as 1952.

Identity of the authors

Prior to José Luis Jordán Peña's 1992 admission of deception, various hypotheses had been put forward as to the identity of the perpetrators: the Ummites; the espionage services; one or more sectss; José Luis Jordán Peña himself, who is said to have launched the phenomenon, before being imitated by other authors who remain anonymous.

The consensus among skeptical authors is that the letters are more or less elaborate forgeriess, that José Luis Jordán Peña is behind the first letters^[8] and that later forgers used these as a model to extend the myth^[9].

José Luis Jordán Peña's confession of deception

Long suspected of fabricating the Ummite letters^[10], José Luis Jordán Peña, presenting himself as the initiator of the affair, admitted in 1992 that it was a hoax that he had pursued for Modèle:Unity. In 1992, he told the police the details of the fraud he had carried out over Modèle:Unit. By means of a phonosymbolism (the Spanish term Modèle:Lang means "smoke"), he wanted to suggest the falseness of its contents:

Modèle:Begin citationUMMO "evokes smoke. I chose the star Modèle:Nobr at random. Since my real objective was not to develop a credible extra-planetary world. [...] I remember writing reports on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, and taking advantage of my trips to France, England, MozambiqueModèle:Etc.}, or those of friends, to send letters from there. [...] We use the model hung on a very thin nylon thread. I remember that we use a very fast 1/1000 speed so that the saucer and the background of the photo come out more or less in the same focus, and the saucer looks bigger. The most incredible thing is that I ended up interviewing people who said they had seen the saucer, but who weren't paid by me. [...] I became indignant when I saw that the Edelweiss sect was branding innocent children with my symbol. And then I received an anonymous invitation from Cuba, to attend I don't know what ummite meeting at Farriols, so I decided to stop the experiment that had lasted Modèle:Unity. [...] I repent for having created an experiment, which I consider immoral, that has turned against me.Modèle:End citation

Eighteen years later, in a letter addressed to Ignacio Darnaude and posted on Modèle:Date-, José Luis Jordán Peña provides further clarification on the affair. Some of the letters and writings are the work of jokers imitating his style. He also points out that collaborators (e.g. Vicente Ortuno, Norman West, John Child, M. Carrascosa, Alberto Borras, T. Pastrami, Sean O'Connelly, Iker J.) sent letters from distant places. He reports that he was initially contacted by two American doctors (he had previously claimed that they were CIA agents working for a foreign agency who offered him, for a salary, to carry out a sociological experiment in the interests of Western culture, which he accepted).

There is no doubt, however, that José Luis Jordán Peña was at least one of the illustrators of these documents, according to Alberto Noguera's perfectly documented study^[11]

Theories presented in these documents

Notes and references

Appendices

Bibliography

In French

• Jacques Vallée, Le collège invisible, Éditions Albin Michel, 1975 (trans. from English Modèle:Lang, 1975).
• Antonio Ribera and Rafael Farriols, Preuves de l'existence des soucoupes volantes (original Spanish title: Modèle:Lang), Éditions de Vecchi, 1975.
• Martine Castello, Philippe Chambon and Isabelle Blanc, La conspiration des étoiles. Les Ummos : terrestres ou extraterrestres ?, Éditions Robert Laffont, 1991, Modèle:ISBN.
• Jean Sider, Ummo : Les raisons d'un doute, in Lumières dans la Nuit, Modèle:N°, January-Modèle:Date-.
• Jacques Vallée, Révélations, Éditions Robert Laffont, 1992.
• Modèle:Article.
• Dominique Caudron, " Les Ummoristes sont parmi nous ", in the collective book edited by Thierry Pinvidic, OVNI. Vers une anthropologie d'un mythe contemporain, Éditions Heimdal, 1993.
• Renaud Marhic, L'affaire Ummo : les extraterrestres qui venaient du froid, Éditions Les Classiques du Mystère, 1993.
• Renaud Marhic, La mystification d'Ummo : des aveux qui appartiennent à l'histoire, in Phénomèna Modèle:Numéro, January-Modèle:Date-.
• Jean Pollion, Ummo, de vrais extraterrestres !, Éditions Aldane, 2002.

In Spanish

• Fernando Sesma Manzano, Modèle:Lang, Modèle:Lang, 1965.
• Fernando Sesma Manzano, Modèle:Lang, Modèle:Lang, 1967, Modèle:Number.
• Oscar Rey Brea, Modèle:Lang, in Modèle:Lien, Modèle:N°, Modèle:Date-.
• Antonio Ribera and Rafael Farriols, Modèle:Lang, Pomaire, Barcelona, 1968; republished in 1973 by Modèle:Link, Barcelona.
• Father Enrique Lopez Guerrero, Modèle:Lang, Modèle:Link, Barcelona, 1978.
• Antonio Ribera, Modèle:Lang, Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1979.
• Juan Dominguez Montes, Modèle:Lang, Éditions Libreria Agora S. A., 1983, Modèle:ISBN.
• Modèle:Work.
• Modèle:Work.
• Ummo, Modèle:Lang, in Modèle:Lang, Modèle:Number, 1993.
• Rafael Farriols, Modèle:Lang, Modèle:Lang, S. L. Collection: Modèle:Lang, 1999, Modèle:ISBN.
• Modèle:Lang. Modèle:Lang. Modèle:Lang. 2001, Modèle:ISBN.
• Vicenç Solé i Ferré, Modèle:Lang, 2003, Modèle:ISBN.
• Modèle:Link, Modèle:Lang, Modèle:Lang, 2007, Modèle:ISBN.

In English

• Jerome Clark, Modèle:Lang, in Modèle:Lang, 1996.
• John R. Heapes, Modèle:Lang, iUniverse, 2014, 256Modèle:Nb p. (development on the Ummo planet, Modèle:P.).

Internal links

• José Luis Jordán Peña
• Ufology
• Extraterrestrial life
• Modèle:Nobr

External links

• https://www.ummo-sciences.org Site listing all letters and tweets received, translated into French]
• https://www.ummo-ciencias.org Site listing all letters and tweets received in Spanish]
• https://www.ummowiki.fr/index.php/Ummo_texts_corpus Page of links to a number of documents translated into English]
• " Des ummoristes chez les ufologues... " by Jérôme Quirant and Dominique Caudron, SPS, Modèle:N°, Modèle:Date-
• A skeptical critique of Jean Pollion's work
• Un point de vue sceptique - Site de Dominique Caudron sur l'affaire Ummo